Egypt – Saudi Arabia Bilateral Investment Treaty Signals Stronger Economic Ties and Legal Certainty The Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have officially entered into a new Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) designed to promote and protect cross-border investments between the two states. Signed on October 15, 2024, and entering into force on June 4, 2025, the treaty introduces a modern, investor-friendly framework that reflects both states’ commitment to economic integration and legal certainty for investors. A modernised definition of investment The new EGY–KSA BIT takes a broad and contemporary approach to defining “investment,” aligning with global standards and investor needs in today’s interconnected markets. It extends protection not only to direct ownership of assets but also to indirect shareholdings, reflecting the reality of multinational corporate structures and cross-border holdings. Critically, the treaty adopts the “Salini” criteria, a well-established...
